Source code for tornado.wsgi

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2009 Facebook
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.

"""WSGI support for the Tornado web framework.

WSGI is the Python standard for web servers, and allows for interoperability
between Tornado and other Python web frameworks and servers.  This module
provides WSGI support in two ways:

* `WSGIAdapter` converts a `tornado.web.Application` to the WSGI application
  interface.  This is useful for running a Tornado app on another
  HTTP server, such as Google App Engine.  See the `WSGIAdapter` class
  documentation for limitations that apply.
* `WSGIContainer` lets you run other WSGI applications and frameworks on the
  Tornado HTTP server.  For example, with this class you can mix Django
  and Tornado handlers in a single server.
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

import sys
from io import BytesIO
import tornado

from tornado.concurrent import Future
from tornado import escape
from tornado import httputil
from tornado.log import access_log
from tornado import web
from tornado.escape import native_str
from tornado.util import unicode_type, PY3


if PY3:
    import urllib.parse as urllib_parse  # py3
else:
    import urllib as urllib_parse

# PEP 3333 specifies that WSGI on python 3 generally deals with byte strings
# that are smuggled inside objects of type unicode (via the latin1 encoding).
# These functions are like those in the tornado.escape module, but defined
# here to minimize the temptation to use them in non-wsgi contexts.
if str is unicode_type:
    def to_wsgi_str(s):
        assert isinstance(s, bytes)
        return s.decode('latin1')

    def from_wsgi_str(s):
        assert isinstance(s, str)
        return s.encode('latin1')
else:
    def to_wsgi_str(s):
        assert isinstance(s, bytes)
        return s

    def from_wsgi_str(s):
        assert isinstance(s, str)
        return s


[docs]class WSGIApplication(web.Application): """A WSGI equivalent of `tornado.web.Application`. .. deprecated:: 4.0 Use a regular `.Application` and wrap it in `WSGIAdapter` instead. """ def __call__(self, environ, start_response): return WSGIAdapter(self)(environ, start_response)
# WSGI has no facilities for flow control, so just return an already-done # Future when the interface requires it. _dummy_future = Future() _dummy_future.set_result(None) class _WSGIConnection(httputil.HTTPConnection): def __init__(self, method, start_response, context): self.method = method self.start_response = start_response self.context = context self._write_buffer = [] self._finished = False self._expected_content_remaining = None self._error = None def set_close_callback(self, callback): # WSGI has no facility for detecting a closed connection mid-request, # so we can simply ignore the callback. pass def write_headers(self, start_line, headers, chunk=None, callback=None): if self.method == 'HEAD': self._expected_content_remaining = 0 elif 'Content-Length' in headers: self._expected_content_remaining = int(headers['Content-Length']) else: self._expected_content_remaining = None self.start_response( '%s %s' % (start_line.code, start_line.reason), [(native_str(k), native_str(v)) for (k, v) in headers.get_all()]) if chunk is not None: self.write(chunk, callback) elif callback is not None: callback() return _dummy_future def write(self, chunk, callback=None): if self._expected_content_remaining is not None: self._expected_content_remaining -= len(chunk) if self._expected_content_remaining < 0: self._error = httputil.HTTPOutputError( "Tried to write more data than Content-Length") raise self._error self._write_buffer.append(chunk) if callback is not None: callback() return _dummy_future def finish(self): if (self._expected_content_remaining is not None and self._expected_content_remaining != 0): self._error = httputil.HTTPOutputError( "Tried to write %d bytes less than Content-Length" % self._expected_content_remaining) raise self._error self._finished = True class _WSGIRequestContext(object): def __init__(self, remote_ip, protocol): self.remote_ip = remote_ip self.protocol = protocol def __str__(self): return self.remote_ip
[docs]class WSGIAdapter(object): """Converts a `tornado.web.Application` instance into a WSGI application. Example usage:: import tornado.web import tornado.wsgi import wsgiref.simple_server class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.write("Hello, world") if __name__ == "__main__": application = tornado.web.Application([ (r"/", MainHandler), ]) wsgi_app = tornado.wsgi.WSGIAdapter(application) server = wsgiref.simple_server.make_server('', 8888, wsgi_app) server.serve_forever() See the `appengine demo <https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/tree/stable/demos/appengine>`_ for an example of using this module to run a Tornado app on Google App Engine. In WSGI mode asynchronous methods are not supported. This means that it is not possible to use `.AsyncHTTPClient`, or the `tornado.auth` or `tornado.websocket` modules. .. versionadded:: 4.0 """ def __init__(self, application): if isinstance(application, WSGIApplication): self.application = lambda request: web.Application.__call__( application, request) else: self.application = application def __call__(self, environ, start_response): method = environ["REQUEST_METHOD"] uri = urllib_parse.quote(from_wsgi_str(environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME", ""))) uri += urllib_parse.quote(from_wsgi_str(environ.get("PATH_INFO", ""))) if environ.get("QUERY_STRING"): uri += "?" + environ["QUERY_STRING"] headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders() if environ.get("CONTENT_TYPE"): headers["Content-Type"] = environ["CONTENT_TYPE"] if environ.get("CONTENT_LENGTH"): headers["Content-Length"] = environ["CONTENT_LENGTH"] for key in environ: if key.startswith("HTTP_"): headers[key[5:].replace("_", "-")] = environ[key] if headers.get("Content-Length"): body = environ["wsgi.input"].read( int(headers["Content-Length"])) else: body = b"" protocol = environ["wsgi.url_scheme"] remote_ip = environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR", "") if environ.get("HTTP_HOST"): host = environ["HTTP_HOST"] else: host = environ["SERVER_NAME"] connection = _WSGIConnection(method, start_response, _WSGIRequestContext(remote_ip, protocol)) request = httputil.HTTPServerRequest( method, uri, "HTTP/1.1", headers=headers, body=body, host=host, connection=connection) request._parse_body() self.application(request) if connection._error: raise connection._error if not connection._finished: raise Exception("request did not finish synchronously") return connection._write_buffer
[docs]class WSGIContainer(object): r"""Makes a WSGI-compatible function runnable on Tornado's HTTP server. .. warning:: WSGI is a *synchronous* interface, while Tornado's concurrency model is based on single-threaded asynchronous execution. This means that running a WSGI app with Tornado's `WSGIContainer` is *less scalable* than running the same app in a multi-threaded WSGI server like ``gunicorn`` or ``uwsgi``. Use `WSGIContainer` only when there are benefits to combining Tornado and WSGI in the same process that outweigh the reduced scalability. Wrap a WSGI function in a `WSGIContainer` and pass it to `.HTTPServer` to run it. For example:: def simple_app(environ, start_response): status = "200 OK" response_headers = [("Content-type", "text/plain")] start_response(status, response_headers) return ["Hello world!\n"] container = tornado.wsgi.WSGIContainer(simple_app) http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(container) http_server.listen(8888) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start() This class is intended to let other frameworks (Django, web.py, etc) run on the Tornado HTTP server and I/O loop. The `tornado.web.FallbackHandler` class is often useful for mixing Tornado and WSGI apps in the same server. See https://github.com/bdarnell/django-tornado-demo for a complete example. """ def __init__(self, wsgi_application): self.wsgi_application = wsgi_application def __call__(self, request): data = {} response = [] def start_response(status, response_headers, exc_info=None): data["status"] = status data["headers"] = response_headers return response.append app_response = self.wsgi_application( WSGIContainer.environ(request), start_response) try: response.extend(app_response) body = b"".join(response) finally: if hasattr(app_response, "close"): app_response.close() if not data: raise Exception("WSGI app did not call start_response") status_code, reason = data["status"].split(' ', 1) status_code = int(status_code) headers = data["headers"] header_set = set(k.lower() for (k, v) in headers) body = escape.utf8(body) if status_code != 304: if "content-length" not in header_set: headers.append(("Content-Length", str(len(body)))) if "content-type" not in header_set: headers.append(("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8")) if "server" not in header_set: headers.append(("Server", "TornadoServer/%s" % tornado.version)) start_line = httputil.ResponseStartLine("HTTP/1.1", status_code, reason) header_obj = httputil.HTTPHeaders() for key, value in headers: header_obj.add(key, value) request.connection.write_headers(start_line, header_obj, chunk=body) request.connection.finish() self._log(status_code, request)
[docs] @staticmethod def environ(request): """Converts a `tornado.httputil.HTTPServerRequest` to a WSGI environment. """ hostport = request.host.split(":") if len(hostport) == 2: host = hostport[0] port = int(hostport[1]) else: host = request.host port = 443 if request.protocol == "https" else 80 environ = { "REQUEST_METHOD": request.method, "SCRIPT_NAME": "", "PATH_INFO": to_wsgi_str(escape.url_unescape( request.path, encoding=None, plus=False)), "QUERY_STRING": request.query, "REMOTE_ADDR": request.remote_ip, "SERVER_NAME": host, "SERVER_PORT": str(port), "SERVER_PROTOCOL": request.version, "wsgi.version": (1, 0), "wsgi.url_scheme": request.protocol, "wsgi.input": BytesIO(escape.utf8(request.body)), "wsgi.errors": sys.stderr, "wsgi.multithread": False, "wsgi.multiprocess": True, "wsgi.run_once": False, } if "Content-Type" in request.headers: environ["CONTENT_TYPE"] = request.headers.pop("Content-Type") if "Content-Length" in request.headers: environ["CONTENT_LENGTH"] = request.headers.pop("Content-Length") for key, value in request.headers.items(): environ["HTTP_" + key.replace("-", "_").upper()] = value return environ
def _log(self, status_code, request): if status_code < 400: log_method = access_log.info elif status_code < 500: log_method = access_log.warning else: log_method = access_log.error request_time = 1000.0 * request.request_time() summary = request.method + " " + request.uri + " (" + \ request.remote_ip + ")" log_method("%d %s %.2fms", status_code, summary, request_time)
HTTPRequest = httputil.HTTPServerRequest